Fault tolerance · 1982 · Leslie Lamport, Robert Shostak & Marshall Pease

The Byzantine Generals Problem

Model contradictory, adversarial failure explicitly and derive the conditions under which correct processes can still agree.

The central move

Model contradictory, adversarial failure explicitly and derive the conditions under which correct processes can still agree.

Why it had to exist

Crash failures are simple compared with a component that tells different peers different stories. Reliable distributed control required precise agreement and validity properties.

Where it leads

Byzantine agreement → replicated state machines → blockchains and adversarial distributed services.

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